Cutting-tool.



. No. 685,572. Patented Oct. 29, I901.

F. D. CHAMBERS.

CUTTING TOOL.

(Application filed June 19, 1901.

'(No Model.)

FIG. 2 F! q. 1 FA; 0" F1 5. 9

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

I FRED D. CHAMBERS, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-FOURTH TO FRANK E. BEATTY AND WILLIAM B. CAPERTON, OF IVASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

CUTTING-TOO L.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 685,572, dated October 29, 1901..

Application filed June 19,1901. Serial No. 65,183. (Nomodel-l To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRED D. CHAMBERS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Washington, in the District of Columbia, have in: vented certain new and useful Improvements in Cutting-Tools, of which the following is a description,reference being had to the accompanying drawings and to the figures of reference marked thereon. The object of my invention is to provide a simple and efficient means by which rotary tools-such as those used for milling, boring, drilling, cutting, burnishing, and the like may be detachably secured to the arbor by which itis carried; and my invention consists in the tool hereinafter described and claimed and in the means by which it is secured to its arbor.

In the drawings Figure 1 is a longitudinal 2o sectional view showing 'my improved tool and means for securing it to an arbor. Fig. 2 is a plan view of a milling-tool constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view on line a a of Fig. 1. Fig. 2 5 4 is a perspective view of my improved milling-tool. Fig. 5 is a front view of my in1- proved arbor, showing the securing-ring raised. Fig. 6 is a View, partly in section, showing a modified form of my invention adapted for use with a steadying-point. Fig. 7 is a view, partly in section, showing my invention adapted for usewith a wood-boring tool. Fig. 8 is a View, partly in section, showing my invention applied to a reaming-tool. Fig. 9 is a view, partly in section, showing my invention applied to a form-cutter; and Fig. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view showing my invention applied to a lap.

In'the milling-machines commonly used the 40 milling tool or-head is secured to its arbor by screw-threading it onto the arbor. The resistance of the work causes the tool to be driven onto the arbor so firmly that it is'a matter of great difficulty to unscrew it whenever it is necessary to change the tool or to remove it for sharpening. In fact it is often found impossible to remove the tool without breaking it, and many milling cutters and arbors are destroyed in attempting to remove the cutter from its arbor. Where milling- 5o cutters'are secured by screw-threading, the milling-cutter can be rotated in one direction only, it being necessary to use an arbor with a right or left hand screw, according to the direction in which the milling-cutter is to be rotated. Where millingcutters are held from rotation on their arbors by means of a key, it

is necessary to cut akeywayin'the cutter before tempering, with the result that cutters are liable to'be injured or destroyed in the process of tempering by reason of unequal shrinkage in cooling. By my invention the screw-thread on the arbor is dispensed with, and the same arbor may be used with both right and left hand cutters, and at the same '65 time'the necessity of cutting a keywayin the cutter isavoided. 1

Describing my invention in detail, 1 is the arbor or spindle by which the milling or other tool is rotated. Thishas a cylindrical portion 2 of reduced diameter near the end at which the tool is carried. If preferred, however, the arbor or spindle 1 may be of the same diameter throughout, as in Figs. 7 and 8. Between this cylindrical portion and the end is formed a collar 3, and from the collar 3 toits end the arbor or spindle is made noncircular in cross-section, as at 4. I prefer to make this portion of the arbor polygonal in cross-section and find that it is the most sat- 8o isfactory when made hexagonalfas'shown in' Figs. 2and 3; butit may be made of any regular non-eylindrical form. A coupling-sleeve 5, screw-threaded at 6 and having an iuturned flange 7, is fitted over the arbor .or spindle, 8 5 so that when in place the inner face of the flange 7 will bear against the collar 3.

In the form-shown in Figs. 1 5, 6, and 9 I have shown the collar? made integral witha cylindrical sleeve 3, which is secured on the 0 arbor, preferably by shrinking, the arbor being reduced in diameter, as shown, to receive this sleeve 3". "In assembling the parts the coupling-sleeve is first slipped upon the ar- I bor from its lower end and the sleeve 3,'car- 9 5 rying the collar 3, previously heated,is placed in position and allowed to cool. The inner diameter of the flange 7 is suchihat it slips loosely over the sleeve 3'. The enlarged upper portion of the arbor in this form of my invention prevents the coupling-sleeve from removal over the upper end of the arbor when the arbor is taken out of the machine. Where an arbor or spindle of the same diameter throughout is used, as in Figs. 7 and 8, the sleeve may be put upon it from the upper end, and in this case a pin 8 may be driven into the arbor, as shown in these figures, to prevent its removal.

The sleeve 5 is provided with means by which it may be turned by an appropriate tool. In Figs. 1, 5, and 6 I have shown it provided with holes 9 to receive the pin of a spanner. 1f preferred, the sleeve may be providedwith recesses 10 at its upper edge, as

shown in Figs. 7 and 8, for engagement with an appropriate tool.

The milling or other tool to be rotated by the arbor is provided with an exterior screwthread 11 to fit theinteriorscrew-thread 6 of the sleeve. 5. This screw-thread is preferably of ratchet form, as shown-that is, the face of the screw-thread nearest the tool is at right angles to the axis of the arbor. In order to secure the tool on the arbor, itis slipped over the polygonal end until it rests against the collar 3. The sleeve 5 is then caused to engage the serew-threads ll of the tool and is rotated by means of a spanner or other appropriate tool until it can be turned no far: ther, holding the shank of the tool firmly against the collar 3. The use of the tool will not cause the screw-threads to bind and the tool may be quickly removed by unscrewing the sleeve 5 without the necessity for bringing any strain on the working face of the tool.

I By making the end 4 of the arbor or spindle hexagonal in cross'section the strain is equally distributed, and at the same time the interior of the tool is free from acute angles, which would tend to cause cracks in the process of tempering. The same would be true if the end is made of a regular polygonal form of a greater number than six; but Ihave found the hexagonal form preferable.

In Fig. 6 I have shown a modified form of my device in which the end of the arbor or spindle is provided with a central recess 12 to receive the point 13 of a steadying deviceas, for instance, the back center of a lathe. In Fig. 7 I have shown a modification of my device adapted for use in connection with a wood-boring tool 14. In order to adapt my device for this purpose, it is necessary only to provide the end of the arbor or spindle with a gimlet-point 15.

In Fig. 8 I have shown a reamer secured to the arbor or spindle by the device of my invention. In Fig. 9 I have shown a solideuded form cutter-drill secured to the arbor or spindle by the device of myinvention. In this case a circular recess 17, with rounded edges, should be cut, as shown, at the inner end of the polygonal bore formed in the tool 16 to receive the polygonal end 4 of the arher or spindle 1 in order to avoid an angle between the side wall and end of the bore, which might cause a crack in the process of tempering.

In Fig. 10 I have shown my invention ap plied to a lap. In this case the lap-carrying device 18 is secured to the arbor or spindle by the device of my invention and carries the lead sleeve 19, which forms the lap.

It will be understood that other tools than those shown may be secured to their arbors or spindles by the means herein described such, for instance, as profile-cutters, bu rnishing or polishing tools, edge-trimmers, drills, either rotary or reciprocating, and in general any and all cutting-tools for working on wood, metal, or other materials. It will also be understood that the arbor or spindle on which the tool is carried may be horizontal as well as vertical or may be at any desired angle to the horizontal, and while the invention is particularly intended for machinetools it is equally adapted for boring or drilling or other tools operated by hand.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patcut, is I 1. A tempered rotary tool having integral cutting-faces and a central bore adapted to fit the end of an arbor, the cross-section of bore and arbor end being a regular polygon having the angles between adjacent sides greater than a right angle, and means for securing the tool to the arbor; substantially as described.

2. A tempered rotary tool having integral cutting-faces and a central bore hexagonal in cross-section in combination with an arbor having its end adapted to fit the bore of the tool, and means for securing the tool to the arbor; substantially as described.

3. A tempered rotary tool having integral cutting-faces and a screw-threaded shank in- IOC tegral therewith, and having a central bore adapted to fit the end of an arbor, the crosssection of the bore and arbor being a regular polygon having the angles between adjacent faces greater than a right angle, and a swiveled coupling-sleeve carried by the arbor and engaging the screw-threaded shank; substantially as described.

4. A tempered rotary tool having integral cutting-faces and a screw-threaded shank integral therewith, and having a central bore hexagonal in cross-section, in combination with an arbor having its end adapted to fit the bore of the tool and a swiveled couplingsleeve carried by the arbor and adapted to engage the screw-threaded shank; substan-- FRED D. CHAMBERS.

Witnesses:

J os. I'I. BLACKWOOD, THEODORE F. SHARP. 

